Engineering

Thermal Behavior of Materials

Southern Research Institute has been a national leader in the thermal properties characterization and evaluation of high temperature materials for more than 30 years. The thermal properties laboratory staff has performed tests on a variety of materials including composites, ceramics, metals, insulations and lubricants under normal and in extreme environments at temperatures from cryogenic to over 3000°C. Test capabilities include:

Contact:
John Koenig
Director, Materials Research Department
(205) 581-2436
Koenig@southernresearch.org


Thermal Properties Characterization

Southern Research Institute has been a national leader in the thermal properties characterization and evaluation of high temperature materials for more than 30 years. The staff of the thermal properties laboratory have performed tests on a variety of material including composites, ceramics, metals, insulations and lubricants under normal and in extreme environments at temperatures from cryogenic to over 3000°C.

Precision Cryogenic Thermal Expansion

Southern Research Institute has developed a unique facility for measuring thermal expansion with ultra-high accuracy from 300 K down to below 15 K. Using interferometers and a proprietary optical flagging system, CTE accuracy of better than 20 parts-per-billion is standard. For materials that do not tend to bend or flex, CTE accuracy of better than 5 parts-per-billion is possible (based on 8-inch sample with 20 K delta T). Sample sizes can range from 1 cm to 1 meter in length with cross-sections up to 20 cm in diameter.

Thermal Expansion

  • NBS Quartz Tube Dilatometer (-320 to 2000°F, Vacuum, Pressure, Air, Inert)
  • Horizontal Quartz Rod Dilatometer (-450 to 2000°F, Air, Inert)
  • Graphite Tube Dilatometer (RT to 5500°F, Vacuum, Pressure, Inert)
  • Cryogenic Ring (-320 to 250°F, Inert)
  • High-Temperature Ring (RT to 5000°F, Inert)
  • Yarn/Filament/Fiber (RT to 5000°F, Air, Inert)

Thermal Conductivity

  • ASTM C177 Guarded Hot Plate (-250 to 600°F, Vacuum, Pressure, Air, Inert)
  • Comparative Rod Apparatus (-350 to 2000°F, Vacuum, Pressure, Air, Inert)
  • Radial Inflow Apparatus (1000 to 5000°F, Vacuum, Pressure, Inert)

Heat Capacity

  • Adiabatic Calorimeter (-320 to 1000°F, Air, Inert)
  • Ice Calorimeter (1000 to 5000°F, Inert)

Total Normal Emittance (1000 to 4500°F, Inert)

Yarn/Fiber Properties

  • Creep (RT-5000°F, Air, Inert)
  • Stress Rupture (RT-5000°F, Air, Inert)

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

  • Standard (-150 to 725°C, Air, Inert)
  • Modulated (-150 to 725°C, Air, Inert)
  • Pressure (25 to 725°C, Air, Inert, 1000 psia)
  • High Temperature (40 to 1250°C, Air, Inert, Vacuum)

Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) (25 to 1000°C, Air, Inert)
Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) (-145 to 600°C Air, Inert)
Laser Diffusion (RT to 2400°F, Vacuum)
Heat-Treatment Furnaces (to 5750°F)

Electrical Resistivity

  • High Temperature Coupon (RT to 5000°F)
  • RT Yarn/Filament Facility
  • High Temperature Yarn/Filament (RT -5000°F)

Contact:
John Koenig
Director, Materials Research Department
(205) 581-2436
Koenig@southernresearch.org


High Heat Flux Simulation Testing

Southern Research uses the high temperature experimental simulation testing techniques it has developed to evaluate thermal and thermostructural phenomena observed in materials exposed to extreme temperature environments.

Capabilities

  • User defined boundary conditions
  • Heating rates in excess of 315°C/second
  • Bi-axial compressive loading
  • In-depth thermal/pressure measurement
  • Surface displacement/strain measurement
  • Ability to test significant cross-sections
  • Nozzle Ablation Simulation (NAS) Analog Facility
  • Torch Facility
  • CO2 Laser Testing

Areas of Application

  • Experimental correlation to analysis
  • Failure mode evaluation
  • Thermal field correlation
  • Instrumentation checkout
  • Design change checkout
  • Failure mechanics
  • Pressure event evaluation
  • Materials screening

Contact:
John Koenig
Director, Materials Research Department
(205) 581-2436
Koenig@southernresearch.org


Cryogenic Testing

Southern Research Institute can perform thermal, mechanical and nondestructive characterization at cryogenic temperatures down to 15K. Instrumentation techniques are based on decades of testing at temperature extremes. Many of the same measurement philosophies that were developed for high temperature testing to 3000K have been successfully applied to cryogenic testing. In addition, Southern Research has added optical metrology to its testing capabilities to improve resolution of precision materials.

  • Thermal properties
  • Mechanical properties
  • Nondestructive characterization

Contact:
John Koenig
Director, Materials Research Department
(205) 581-2436
Koenig@southernresearch.org


Thermal Protection Materials for Hypersonic Applications

Evaluation of Thermal Protection Materials/Systems

  • Plan and field tests in government supported test facilities (AEDC, Ames)
  • Custom-designed hardware and test instrumentation
  • In-depth temperature measurements
  • Dwell calorimeters
  • Passive or cooled leading edges and nosetips
  • Thermal/mass loss modeling and post-test analysis

Contact:
Chris Wanstall
Experimental Mechanics
(205) 581-2892
wanstall@southernresearch.org

Carbon-Carbon Composites

Southern Research Institute, nationally recognized for its extensive materials characterization capabilities, has dedicated a Processing Research Facility which has the capability to produce polymer and carbon matrix composites, produce fabric and fiber impregnated products, and a wide variety of aerogel materials.

Our Carbon-Carbon Composites Laboratory has full processing capability including formulation of resin and pitch prepreg materials, lamination, carbonization and heat treatment to 5500ºF. Current projects include structural skins for an all carbon thermal protection system for space vehicles and a carbon-carbon airframe/combustor for hypersonic missile applications.

Low Cost Processing

  • Resin Precursor
  • Pitch Precursor
  • Prepreg/Formulations

Missile Applications

  • Air Frame Components
  • Combustion Chambers
  • Exit Cones

Thermal Protection Systems for Advanced Space Vehicle Re-entry

  • Carbon-Carbon Composite Structural Skin/Carbon Aerogel Insulation

Oxidation Resistant Carbon-Carbon

  • Self-Healing Coatings
  • Matrix Oxidation Inhibition

Thermal Management

  • Heat Exchangers

Contact:
Michael D. Johns, Vice President
Environment, Energy and Engineering Division
205-581-2520
johns@southernresearch.org


Aerogels

Aerogels are a special class of foams which have nanometer-sized pores. They are processed through sol-gel techniques using supercritical drying to achieve very low density material. These continuous, open cell foams offer pore sizes from 5nm to 100nm giving a wide range of possible applications. Aerogels area characterized by high porosity (>90%), high internal surface area (400-1000m2/g) and a solid matrix composed of interconnected fibrous chains with characteristic diameters of 10nm. Aerogel materials have successfully been applied to thermal protection systems for reusable launch vehicles, high performance acoustic and thermal insulations and as substrates for energy storage in ultracapacitors.

Southern Research has increased its capacity to produce aerogel materials by addition of a 20-liter pressure vessel. This allows intermediate scale manufacturing of thermal protection tiles for future space operation vehicles. In addition, our material characterization research has shown that aerogel insulation is unsurpassed in low thermal conductance at temperatures up to 5000ºF.

Contact:
Michael D. Johns, Vice President
Environment, Energy and Engineering Division
205-581-2520
johns@southernresearch.org


Composite Materials and Manufacturing

Southern Research Institute and The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) School of Engineering have teamed to perform innovative composite materials and manufacturing research. This initiative focuses on product and process development of new and innovative composite materials for transportation, construction, infrastructure, recreation, biomedical and industrial applications. As part of Southern Research Institute, these efforts are ISO 9001 certified.

Our capabilities include:

  • Application development
  • Material development
    • Pilot production of thermoplastic composite materials in a variety of forms
    • Prepreg capability for thermoset composite materials
  • Composite manufacturing and process development
    • Fabrication facilities for prototyping and low volume manufacturing
  • Product design and process simulation
    • Design and stress analyses of composite parts
    • Process simulation for injection molding, injection compression and compression molding
  • Testing and evaluation of advanced materials
  • Tooling concepts for prototyping
  • Others
    • Technical and economic evaluation of production processes
    • Production planning and optimization
    • Project management and consulting
    • Recycling

Contact:
Michael D. Johns, Vice President
Environment, Energy and Engineering Division
205-581-2520
johns@southernresearch.org